Multi2Claim: Generating Scientific Claims from Multi-Choice Questions for Scientific Fact-Checking

In automated scientific fact-checking, machine learning models are trained to verify scientific claims given evidence. A major bottleneck of this task is the availability of large-scale training datasets on different domains, due to the required domain expertise for data annotation. However, multiple-choice question-answering datasets are readily available across many different domains, thanks to the modern online education and assessment systems. As one of the first steps towards addressing the fact-checking dataset scarcity problem in scientific domains, we propose a pipeline for automatically converting multiple-choice questions into fact-checking data, which we call Multi2Claim. By applying the proposed pipeline, we generated two large-scale datasets for scientific-fact-checking: Med-Fact and Gsci-Fact for the medical and general science domains, respectively. These two datasets are among the first examples of large-scale scientific-fact-checking datasets. We developed baseline models for the verdict prediction task using each dataset. Additionally, we demonstrated that the datasets could be used to improve performance measured by weighted F1 on existing fact-checking datasets such as SciFact, HEALTHVER, COVID-Fact, and CLIMATE-FEVER. In some cases, the improvement in performance was up to a 26% increase. The generated datasets are publicly available. © 2023 Association for Computational Linguistics.

The reversal of populism. Assessing the explanatory power of the ideational approach in contemporary Argentina

In this study we conduct a least-likely case study in order to assess the analytical power of the ideational approach to populism. We do so by testing the direct and conditional effects of populist attitudes on vote choices in Argentina. We examine whether populist attitudes are associated with the Peronist vote, as more essentialist interpretations would lead us to expect, or, on the contrary, linked to vote for right parties, an expectation that is more consistent with thin-ideological approaches. Our data consists of an original online survey carried out in September 2020, a specific juncture at which the Peronist government had to deal with widespread popular discontent caused by intense economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal that populist attitudes are positively associated with voting for right parties and that the effects of such attitudes are conditioned by ideological preferences. These results underscore the explanatory power of ideational approaches to the electoral activation of populist attitudes. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Political Science Review is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Revisiting Acker's gendered organizational theory: what women overcome to stay in the superintendency

Despite key improvements to social, political, and economic status, women remain underrepresented in key leadership positions across the United States, including the superintendency. Feminist research underscores that androcentric systems maintain, valorize, and reproduce the experiences and knowledge claims of upper middle-class, heterosexual, white men. Documented in related fields, gender inequity within public school systems is thus in part, the result of bias, discrimination, and highly gendered organizational practices. Part of a larger qualitative descriptive study conducted in spring 2021 of the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose of this research was to examine normative culture within the New York State (NYS) Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) superintendency, and how professional and personal supports affect women superintendents and ultimately their decision "to stay" in their position. The guiding research question for this part of the study asked how and why the NYS BOCES superintendency was gendered? Guided by and building upon Joan Acker's gendered organizational theory, 32 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were completed with NYS BOCES women superintendents. The BOCES organization was purposefully selected, in contrast to one of the 731 NYS public school districts, because of the level of political and economic power that BOCES superintendents have at the state level - and to that end, the role of women leadership in a highly influential state educational organization. Overall, study results are consistent with Acker's research, finding that the NYS BOCES is a highly gendered organization, and also in specific ways tied to contemporary context. Chief among these included that women superintendents face countless gender inequities and barriers associated with staying in their leadership role, but professional legacy, the extent to which the work benefited families, and appropriate work-life balance were motivating factors. Concluding with implications for research and practice, study findings are significant because this study is the first to empirically examine the NYS BOCES and the career trajectories of its women superintendents - and to do so from a feminist epistemological perspective and gendered theoretical framework focused creating transformative change within research and practice.

Detailing DRT users in Europe over the last twenty years: a literature overview

Travel choices in terms of means of transport and frequencies have changed during the recent pandemic period due to mobility restrictions, the growing fear of contagion and, especially in some months, the reduction of public transport capacity during the phases of the pandemic (especially for low demand areas). These trends must be analysed in order to optimize the implementation of possible complementary solutions to fill the deficit of local public transport (TPL) by introducing for example the Demand Responsive Transport services (DRT). A preliminary analysis is useful to identify the most efficient, effective and sustainable solutions in the various contexts, taking into account users and their motivation to travel. A growing need for "on-demand" mobility is linked to the increase in the number of elderly and disabled people. With a lack of alternative services and a reluctance to bear the burden and cost of ownership of vehicles, transport infrastructure will be particularly important to this aging population. Therefore, the improvement of transport services must consider some main characteristics of this modal choice are: being user-oriented;guarantee the accessibility of the service via the web, on specific platforms available on fixed and mobile devices and also enjoy the versatility of use with reference to the areas and users to be served. The present work, therefore, focuses on an evaluation of the literature, defining the main characteristics of DRT in Europe over the last twenty years. The results lay the foundations for a better planning of the service in the post-pandemic phase and a diffusion of bottom-up approaches for the calibration of the service itself through the dissemination of survey campaigns. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.

Understanding gender disparity: factors affecting higher education self-efficacy of students in Malaysia

PurposeGender disparity is a global phenomenon where females outnumber male participants. It has been observed that males are the early leaver from higher education, thus reflecting a severe concern about social instability. Malaysia is a prominent example where females outnumber males in higher education. In this context, this paper aims to examine the effect of individual, social and financial factors on the higher education self-efficacy of male and female students. It develops a comprehensive understanding of gender-based decision factors in pursuing higher education. Design/methodology/approachThe hypothesis was formed based on a comprehensive literature review following the hypothetico-deductive positivist approach. These hypotheses were tested based on a sample of 250 respondents. A multiple regression analysis was deployed to test the relationship between the dependent variable and its predictors. FindingsThe results suggest that male and female students' self-efficacy depends on five determinants, i.e. family influence, peer influence, career expectancy outcome, gender roles and institutional factors. Male students tend to be influenced more by these five determinants than females. Additionally, male students with better financial backgrounds are more likely to have higher self-efficacy, whereas gender roles negatively affect male and female students' self-efficacy for higher education. Research limitations/implicationsThe breakout of COVID-19 resulted in the selection of limited students in Malaysia. Due to restricted movement orders, it was impossible to reach out to the students for data collection. Future research could include a broader area to include multiple other regions of Malaysia. For a broader aspect, the study could be conducted in other areas/countries where the problem of less male participation exists. Practical implicationsThe relationship between higher education self-efficacy is assessed with social, financial and institutional factors for male and female students. It will enable the stakeholders and policymakers to make better decisions in increasing the self-efficacy of students to attain equity in higher education institutions. Social implicationsThe finding of this paper will assist in increasing male participation in higher education institutions to avoid any social instability. Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature in understanding the causes of gender gap reversal, focusing on Malaysian higher education institutions. It also provides empirical evidence to look at potential factors that affect the higher education self-efficacy of male and female students.

Decoding the rise of Central Bank Digital Currency in China: designs, problems, and prospects

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid shift in global transaction patterns from offline to online digital payment models, along with a growing interest in the development of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) in various countries. This article spotlights the unexamined issue of digital currency regulation by examining the practice and related regulatory rules of the pilot CBDC in China. Beginning with the global design choices of digital currencies, the article comparatively examines the technical design of China's CBDC, known as e-CNY. It further triggers a rethinking of conventional regulations for the protection of digital currency information by investigating the gap between the actual operation and design of e-CNY, as well as the gap between pilot policies and legal provisions such as the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law. This article argues that, on the one hand, the legislative balance between the protection of personal information and the regulation of illicit financial activities involved in the "loosely coupled account link” system of e-CNY should be reconsidered. On the other hand, the delineation of rights and responsibilities between dissemination institutions, payment service providers, and end-users needs to be further redefined and clarified.

Detailing DRT users in Europe over the last twenty years: a literature overview

Travel choices in terms of means of transport and frequencies have changed during the recent pandemic period due to mobility restrictions, the growing fear of contagion and, especially in some months, the reduction of public transport capacity during the phases of the pandemic (especially for low demand areas). These trends must be analysed in order to optimize the implementation of possible complementary solutions to fill the deficit of local public transport (TPL) by introducing for example the Demand Responsive Transport services (DRT). A preliminary analysis is useful to identify the most efficient, effective and sustainable solutions in the various contexts, taking into account users and their motivation to travel. A growing need for "on-demand" mobility is linked to the increase in the number of elderly and disabled people. With a lack of alternative services and a reluctance to bear the burden and cost of ownership of vehicles, transport infrastructure will be particularly important to this aging population. Therefore, the improvement of transport services must consider some main characteristics of this modal choice are: being user-oriented;guarantee the accessibility of the service via the web, on specific platforms available on fixed and mobile devices and also enjoy the versatility of use with reference to the areas and users to be served. The present work, therefore, focuses on an evaluation of the literature, defining the main characteristics of DRT in Europe over the last twenty years. The results lay the foundations for a better planning of the service in the post-pandemic phase and a diffusion of bottom-up approaches for the calibration of the service itself through the dissemination of survey campaigns. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.

In the maze of a pandemic: Speech as a still possible choice

Was it acceptable to sacrifice individual freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic? This is the starting point taken by the organization Respect Seniors for this article. Through a story recounting Respect Seniors' astonishment at testimonies of restricted liberty during the pandemic, through to the implementation of innovative practices aiming at restoring speech for seniors, enabling them to be heard loud and clear, Respect Seniors wishes to show how a reflective and deeply ethical approach has enriched its practice by prioritizing speech as the ultimate choice, and a choice that is still possible, by taking a critical look at the fine line between abuse and good treatment, and by questioning the values of a society that wants to be inclusive of older people, and yet has forgotten them. © 2022 Fondation Nationale de Gerontologie. All rights reserved. La liberté individuelle était-elle soluble à l'heure du Covid ? Tel est le postulat de départ que pose Respect Seniors dans cet article. Au travers d'un récit retraçant les premiers moments de sidération de l'Agence wallonne de lutte contre la maltraitance des aînés, face aux témoignages de privation de liberté durant la pandémie jusqu'à la mise en œuvre de pratiques innovantes visant à restituer la parole aux aînés et à la faire entendre haut et fort, Respect Seniors souhaite démontrer comment une démarche réflexive et profondément éthique a enrichi sa pratique en élevant la parole comme choix ultime encore possible, en portant un regard critique sur la frontière ténue entre maltraitance et bientraitance, et en interrogeant les valeurs d'une société qui se veut inclusive envers les aînés, et qui les a pourtant oubliés. © 2022 Fondation Nationale de Gerontologie. All rights reserved.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Future Preferences Toward Telework

This paper presents a study in capturing the impacts of the mandatory pandemic-induced telework practice on workers' perceptions of the benefits, challenges, and difficulties associated with telecommuting and how those might influence their preference for telework in the future. Data was collected through an online survey conducted in South Florida in May 2020. Survey data showed that telework indices (either measured through actual behavior or stated preference) before, during, and after the pandemic were heterogeneous across socio-economic, demographic, and attitudinal segments. Before the outbreak, males, full-time students, those with PhD degrees, and high-income people showed higher percentages of involvement in jobs with a telework option. They also had higher pro-technology, pro-online education, workaholic, and pro-telework attitudes. During the pandemic, professional/managerial/technical jobs as well as jobs with lower physical-proximity measures showed the highest telework frequency. In view of future telework preferences, our analysis showed that those who were more pro-telework, pro-technology, and showed less dislike of telework dislike preferred higher telework frequency. A structural equation model was developed to assess the impacts of different predictors on telework behavior before the pandemic and preferences after the pandemic. While telework frequency before the pandemic was highly affected by the pro-telework attitude, the after-pandemic preferences were influenced by several other attitudes such as dislike telework, enjoy interaction, workaholic, as well as productivity factors. This might confirm the assumption that the mandatory practice through the pandemic has provided employees more experiences with work-from-home arrangements, which could reshape decisions and expectations around telework adoption in the future. © National Academy of Sciences: Transportation Research Board 2021.

Mitigating Increased Driving after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis on Mode Share, Travel Demand, and Public Transport Capacity.

Reduced transit capacity to accommodate social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic was a sudden constraint that along with a large reduction in total travel volume and a shift in activity patterns contributed to abrupt changes in transportation mode shares across cities worldwide. There are major concerns that as the total travel demand rises back toward prepandemic levels, the overall transport system capacity with transit constraints will be insufficient for the increasing demand. This paper uses city-level scenario analysis to examine the potential increase in post-COVID-19 car use and the feasibility of shifting to active transportation, based on prepandemic mode shares and varying levels of reduction in transit capacity. An application of the analysis to a sample of cities in Europe and North America is presented. Mitigating an increase in driving requires a substantial increase in active transportation mode share, particularly in cities with high pre-COVID-19 transit ridership; however, such a shift may be possible based on the high percentage of short-distance motorized trips. The results highlight the importance of making active transportation attractive and reinforce the value of multimodal transportation systems as a strategy for urban resilience. This paper provides a strategic planning tool for policy makers facing challenging transportation system decisions in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Equity Implications of Ride-Hail Travel during COVID-19 in California.

COVID-19 has shocked every system in the U.S., including transportation. In the first months of the pandemic, driving and transit use fell far below normal levels. Yet people still need to travel for essential purposes like medical appointments, buying groceries, and-for those who cannot work from home-to work. For some, the pandemic may exacerbate extant travel challenges as transit agencies reduce service hours and frequency. As travelers reevaluate modal options, it remains unclear how one mode-ride-hailing-fits into the transportation landscape during COVID-19. In particular, how does the number of ride-hail trips vary across neighborhood characteristics before versus during the pandemic? And how do patterns of essential trips pre-pandemic compare with those during COVID-19? To answer these questions, we analyzed aggregated Uber trip data before and during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic across four regions in California. We find that during these first months, ride-hail trips fell at levels commensurate with transit (82%), while trips serving identified essential destinations fell by less (62%). Changes in ride-hail use were unevenly distributed across neighborhoods, with higher-income areas and those with more transit commuters and higher shares of zero-car households showing steeper declines in the number of trips made during the pandemic. Conversely, neighborhoods with more older (aged 45+) residents, and a greater proportion of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian residents still appear to rely more on ride-hail during the pandemic compared with other neighborhoods. These findings further underscore the need for cities to invest in robust and redundant transportation systems to create a resilient mobility network.

Exploring Public Perception Toward Travel and COVID-19 Preventive Measures: Insights From the Early Stages of Lockdown in India.

The paper reports evidence related to peoples' perceptions and attitude during the early stages of COVID-19 related lockdown in India in four major aspects: strategies and preventive measures, long-distance travel, essential services, and post-lockdown travel. A five-stage survey instrument was designed and circulated through various online modes to make it convenient to the respondents and also to achieve a greater geographical coverage within a short period of time. The survey responses were analyzed using statistical tools and the results are translated into potential policy recommendations which may be useful to implement effective interventions during future pandemics of similar nature. The findings highlight a high rate of awareness among the people about the COVID-19, lack of supply of protective equipment such as masks, gloves, and personal protective equipment kits during the early stage of lockdown in India. However, several heterogeneities were also observed across a few socio-economic groups which emphasize the need for targeted campaigns in a diverse country such as India. The findings also suggest the need for arranging safe and hygienic long-distance trips for a section of the society when such lockdown measures are extended for long periods. The observations related to mode choice preferences during the post-lockdown recovery period indicate a potential shift of public transport patronage to the personal modes.

Effects of COVID-19 on Telework and Commuting Behavior: Evidence from 3 Years of Panel Data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced employers and employees to re-evaluate their attitudes toward telecommuting. This induced a change in the sheer number of people who have started to work from home (WFH). While previous studies highlight differences between telecommuters based on their level of telecommuting experience, these effects have not been studied in detail. This may limit the evaluation of implications for post-pandemic times and the transferability of models and predictions based on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study expands on previous findings by comparing the characteristics and behavior of those who have started to telecommute during the pandemic and those who had already telecommuted before. Furthermore, this study addresses the uncertainty that exists about whether the findings of studies conducted before the pandemic-for example about sociodemographic characteristics of telecommuters-still hold true, or if the pandemic induced a shift in telecommuters' profiles. Telecommuters show differences when considering their previous experience in WFH. The results of this study suggest that the transition induced by the pandemic was more drastic for new telecommuters compared with experienced telecommuters. The COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on how household configurations are considered in the choice to WFH. With decreased access to child care resulting from school closings, people with children in the household were more likely to choose to telecommute during the pandemic. Also, while people living alone are generally less likely to choose to WFH, this effect was reduced as a result of the pandemic.

Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Impacts on Mobility: An Early Snapshot of the Emerging Changes in Travel Behavior.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge disruption worldwide with direct and indirect effects on travel behavior. In response to extensive community spread and potential risk of infection, during the early stage of the pandemic many state and local governments implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions that restricted non-essential travel for residents. This study evaluates the impacts of the pandemic on mobility by analyzing micro panel data (N = 1,274) collected in the United States via online surveys in two periods, before and during the early phase of the pandemic. The panel makes it possible to observe initial trends in travel behavior change, adoption of online shopping, active travel, and use of shared mobility services. This analysis intends to document a high-level overview of the initial impacts to spur future research to dive deeper into these topics. With the analysis of the panel data, substantial shifts are found from physical commutes to teleworking, more adoption of e-shopping and home delivery services, more frequent trips by walking and biking for leisure purposes, and changes in ridehailing use with substantial variations across socioeconomic groups. The social and environmental implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for effective policy and directions for future research are made in the conclusion.

COVID-19: Modeling Out-of-Home and In-Home Activity Participation during the Pandemic.

Understanding the interaction between in-home and out-of-home activity participation decisions is important, particularly at a time when opportunities for out-of-home activities such as shopping, entertainment, and so forth are limited because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The travel restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic have had a massive impact on out-of-home activities and have changed in-home activities as well. This study investigates in-home and out-of-home activity participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data comes from the COVID-19 Survey for assessing Travel impact (COST), conducted from March to May in 2020. This study uses data for the Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada to develop the following two models: a random parameter multinomial logit (RPMNL) model for out-of-home activity participation and a hazard-based random parameter duration (HRPD) model for in-home activity participation. The model results suggest that significant interactions exist between out-of-home and in-home activities. For example, a higher frequency of out-of-home work-related travel is more likely to result in a shorter duration of in-home work activities. Similarly, a longer duration of in-home leisure activities might yield a lower likelihood for recreational travel. Health care workers are more likely to engage in work-related travel and less likely to participate in personal and household maintenance activities at home. The model confirms heterogeneity among the individuals. For instance, a shorter duration of in-home online shopping yields a higher probability for participation in out-of-home shopping activity. This variable shows significant heterogeneity with a large standard deviation, which reveals that sizable variation exists for this variable.

Modelling the Long-Term Expected Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on Commute and Telecommute

The Covid-19 pandemic crisis has forced many people to work from home rather than at their regular workplace. This paper explores the expected long-term changes caused by the pandemic crisis in Israel on work-related travel patterns, that is, the shifts in commuting and telecommuting post- versus pre-pandemic. Methodologically, the analysis is based on two consecutive surveys (of the same respondents) that were distributed during the pandemic (April and June 2020) to evaluate the trends in commuting and telecommuting from pre- to post-pandemic, addressing revealed preferences on work habits before and during the pandemic and stated intentions about work patterns after the pandemic. Four models were estimated based on these data: two multinomial logit models analyzing the trends in commuting and teleworking from before to after the pandemic, and two ordered logit models addressing the frequency of the intended teleworking and commuting trips in the post-pandemic era. The results showed that the Covid-19 crisis is expected to have some long-term implications, specifically, based on our sample, a 5%-6% expected reduction in commuting trips, alongside an expected increase in teleworking. While several socio-demographic, work-related, and personality traits were found to significantly influence commuting/telecommuting trends and frequency, it is interesting to note that working solely from home during the lockdown was found to have a prominent impact on increasing teleworking while decreasing commuting. Quantitative consistency evaluation of behavioral-shift statements across the consecutive surveys revealed moderate consistency, which is very reasonable given the instability associated with the Covid-19 crisis and the inherent changes in human perceptions.

Data on changes in travel destination preferences of Thai domestic travelers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

This data article analyzes the changes in travel habits and destination preferences among Thai domestic travelers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected through an online survey conducted on Facebook, Line, and Instagram, with a sample size of 460 valid respondents. The article provides descriptive statistics and frequency data on travel behavior and attitudes related to various tourist attractions before and after the onset of the pandemic. These insights can be valuable for transportation and tourist destination management in Thailand, as they can be used to compare with other studies using similar methods and outcomes and help to develop specialized and targeted solutions for addressing changes in travel trends and demand after the pandemic. For more information, see the full article titled "Using factor analyses to understand the post-pandemic travel behavior in domestic tourism through a questionnaire survey."

Adoption of food delivery apps during a crisis: exploring an extended technology adoption model

Purpose: This study aims to provide insight into consumer behavior regarding the use of food delivery apps when making purchases. To investigate the primary elements affecting users' intentions to use meal delivery applications, this study suggests an extension to the technology acceptance model through some contextual variable such as "various food choices (VFC),” "trust (TRR),” "perception of COVID-19-related risks (PCR)” and "convenience (CONV)” during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional data of 407 was collected in the Indian context. This research adopts the covariance-based structural modeling approach to test the hypotheses along with hierarchical regression to predict the efficiency of constructs. Findings: Considering the outcomes, "perceived usefulness (PU)” was positively influenced by "perceived ease of use (PEOU),” "VFC” and "CONV.” In addition, the attitude (ATT) was positively impacted by "PU,” "TRR” and "PEOU.” Nevertheless, "PCR” negatively influenced ATT. In additional, this research illustrates the positive impact of ATT and PU on behavioral intention to use. Originality/value: By confirming the technology acceptance model's capacity for explanation in relation to food delivery apps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. The primary focus of this study is on determining the direct impact of the identified determinants on the adoption of food delivery applications within the context of a pandemic situation in developing countries. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The role of nutrition knowledge in dietary adjustments during COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge/awareness significantly influences people's dietary choices, lifestyle, and inadvertently their health outcomes; hence it is imperative that people have correct information with regards to food and health. This study was undertaken to establish the role of nutrition knowledge on dietary choices and habits of people in Calabar, especially after the hard COVID-19 lockdown, and to ascertain if there was any positive or negative effect on the lifestyle of the people. It consisted of a cross-sectional survey in Calabar, Cross River State - Nigeria. An online questionnaire was prepared after sample size determination and its content validated. The questionnaire was designed to obtain data on the socio-economic status, participants' lifestyle, and changes in dietary intake/health before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, while the questionnaire link was in circulation for 6 weeks (April/May 2021). Descriptive statistics was used to define the proportion of responses for each question and Pearson's correlation was used to check for association between variables. Most participants were undergraduates depending on parents/sponsors. Financial decline appeared to have contributed to a post lockdown decrease in food consumption. Many (82.6%) respondents recorded high nutrition knowledge scores (NKS) and 83.1% of the respondents had high health scores. The results show that NKS influenced the kind of foods the respondents consumed frequently and there was a positive correlation between NKS consumption of fruits/vegetables. NKS had effect on their access to healthy foods and it varied significantly with respondent's total health score. No association existed between NKS and the reason for skipping meal - 'lack of time to prepare meals'. Nutrition knowledge and proper awareness, contributed significantly in dietary choices (regardless of limited resources), thus ensuring adequate nutrition and reduced health problems (most respondents recorded high health scores) during a pandemic. This study affirms the effectiveness of adequate nutrition education and awareness in ensuring healthy dietary choices, promoting optimal health, and reducing risks of diseases.